Remote Automotive Exhaust Sensing: An Overview
In recent years, remote sensing technology has gained considerable
attention in the automotive industry, especially in the area of emissions
control. Remote automotive exhaust sensing (RAES) refers to the use of remote
sensing equipment to measure the exhaust emissions of a vehicle while it is in
operation, without requiring direct contact with the exhaust stream. RAES
systems are typically used for compliance monitoring, inspection and
maintenance (I&M) programs, and on-road emissions testing.
RAES technology relies on optical absorption spectroscopy to
measure the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust plume. The system emits
a beam of infrared or ultraviolet light through the exhaust plume and measures
the amount of light absorbed by the pollutants. By analyzing the absorption
spectra, the system can determine the concentration of specific pollutants such
as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and
particulate matter (PM).
RAES systems offer several advantages over traditional
emissions testing methods. Firstly, they are non-intrusive, which means that
they do not require any modifications to the vehicle. This makes them suitable
for on-road emissions testing and I&M programs, where the aim is to measure
emissions from a large number of vehicles. Secondly, they are fast and efficient,
allowing emissions to be measured in real-time while the vehicle is in
operation. This reduces the need for costly and time-consuming laboratory-based
testing. Finally, RAES systems are highly accurate, with error rates of less
than 10%.
One of the key challenges in the development of RAES systems
is the need for accurate and reliable measurement of emissions across a range
of operating conditions. Emissions can vary significantly depending on factors
such as engine load, speed, and temperature, as well as the fuel and lubricant
used. To overcome this, RAES systems must be designed to operate over a wide
range of conditions and must be calibrated against laboratory-based
measurements.
Despite the potential advantages of RAES technology, there
are some limitations that must be considered. Firstly, RAES systems are
typically more expensive than traditional emissions testing methods, which may
limit their adoption in some regions. Secondly, they require regular
maintenance and calibration to ensure accurate measurement, which can be
challenging in remote locations. Finally, RAES systems may not be suitable for
measuring emissions from vehicles with modified or aftermarket exhaust systems.
Remote Automotive Exhaust Sensing Market Dynamics:
Drivers in Remote
Automotive Exhaust Sensing Market
The remote automotive exhaust sensing market is driven by
strict emissions regulations imposed by governments in North America and
Europe. In response to growing environmental awareness, various countries have
implemented strict standards and regulations mandating the use of emission
monitoring systems, leading to the installation of remote exhaust sensing systems
in the automotive sector.
For instance, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
has introduced new greenhouse gas emissions standards that will affect car and
light truck manufacturers. These standards require car manufacturers to reduce
carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 30%, thereby decreasing greenhouse
gas emissions from cars and trucks. Additionally, the California Air Resources
Board (CARB), a regulatory body within the California EPA, has implemented
engine and vehicle emissions regulations.
The US EPA's Tier 3 standards for light-duty vehicles are
the most recent emission standards. These standards are the successor of
earlier Tier 2, Tier 1, and pre-Tier 1 federal emission regulations. The Tier 1
standard applies to all new light-duty vehicles of less than 8500 lbs gross
vehicle weight rating, while Tier 2 extends the applicability of light-duty
emission standards to medium-duty passenger vehicles with GVWR between 8500 and
10,000 lbs. Tier 3 standards include emission standards for chassis-certified
heavy-duty vehicles up to 14,000 lbs.
The US Federal Climate Policy 104 includes policies aimed at
mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, removing
greenhouse gases from the atmosphere produced by vehicles, and adapting to
climate change. The policy has led to the development of major federal
regulations for reducing emissions caused by vehicles, including zero-emission
vehicle standards in the automotive sector.
In Europe, protecting air quality and reducing greenhouse
gas emissions is a top priority for the European Commission. The European Union
(EU) has set binding carbon dioxide (CO2) emission targets for new passenger
cars and light-commercial vehicles during the forecast period, as agreed upon
by the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the European Council.
Restraints in Remote
Automotive Exhaust Sensing Market
Limitation in harsh weather conditions can impede the
ability to conduct surveys using remote sensing instruments. Unfavorable
weather conditions such as snow, rain, fog, and strong wind may increase the
likelihood of inaccurate readings for open path systems.
Furthermore, harsh weather conditions such as heavy rain and
snowfall can negatively impact traffic flow and air quality, which can affect
the accuracy of data collected by on-road sensing and emission monitoring
devices. In particular, making measurements during wet conditions can dilute
emitted plumes and alter recordings, making it more challenging to obtain
reliable results.
On the other hand, snow and rain can actually improve air
quality by removing particulates or dissolved gaseous pollutants from the air
and depositing them on the ground. Despite this, severe weather and temperature
conditions continue to be a significant obstacle for the expansion of the
remote automotive exhaust sensing market.
Opportunities in
Remote Automotive Exhaust Sensing Market
The developing countries have relatively lower per capita
emissions than the developed nations, as reported by the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). However, these countries are
expected to increase their share of global emissions to meet their
developmental needs. The growing urbanization, particularly in developing
economies, and an increase in disposable income are projected to further drive
the market growth. The software segment is expected to become the largest revenue
contributor to the remote automotive exhaust sensing market due to the surging
demand for data storage and conversion into readable data globally.
Governments in developing countries are implementing
initiatives to reduce emissions. For instance, China has established its
National Climate Change Program (CNCCP) that outlines policies and measures to
address climate change, including its plan to reach carbon neutrality by 2060,
and to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030. The China VI emission standard,
which mandates the use of the European PEMS regulations for complete vehicle
PEMS testing requirements, is another measure that helps transition all new
heavy-duty vehicles in China to emission levels that are free of soot.
In India, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
of 1981 grants the Government the power to set vehicular emission standards.
The Motor Vehicles Act, Section 20, is also in place to prevent and control air
pollution from automobiles. Additionally, the Indian Government has introduced
the Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MIDC), a standard for assessing emissions
from cars and LCVs, and has recently updated it with an improved cold start
testing procedure. The Vehicle Scrappage Policy, a government-funded program to
replace old and polluting vehicles with new ones, is yet another initiative
taken by the Indian Government to reduce emissions. The policy is designed to
phase out old and unfit vehicles, and create a lower carbon footprint in the
country. The government provides incentives to encourage vehicle owners to
participate, including cash discounts on new purchases, as well as reductions
in registration and road taxes. These initiatives create an excellent growth
opportunity for the remote automotive exhaust sensing market.
Challenges in Remote
Automotive Exhaust Sensing Market
One of the challenges faced by remote automotive exhaust
sensing is the limited access to vehicle registration data and inconsistencies
in number plate designs. Access to registered vehicle information is necessary
to identify vehicle specifications from the license plate, but local
authorities typically have control and access to this data. However, the
approval process for accessing the information can be time-consuming and
costly, and in most regions, obtaining real-time vehicle information is not
possible.
Limited access to registered vehicle information also
breaches the privacy code of individuals and increases the risk of information
misuse. As a result, access to registered information is restricted based on
the type of information requested and the reason for requesting it.
Another challenge faced by remote automotive exhaust sensing
manufacturers is the inconsistency in number plate designs. Number plates vary
in size and font in different parts of the world, making it challenging to
develop an algorithm that can accurately read all fonts without any
discrepancies. If the remote automotive exhaust sensing software is inaccurate,
it may misread registration numbers, leading to problems in vehicle identification.
In some countries in the Asia Pacific region, such as China
and India, license plate numbers and color codes are required for vehicle
identification. This requirement adds complexity to the vehicle identification
process.
The software segment of the remote automotive exhaust
sensing market is predicted to experience the highest compound annual growth
rate (CAGR) during the forecast period. The software component is crucial
because it stores the monitored data and converts it into readable information.
Major players in the market, including Opus Group AB, Hager Environmental &
Atmospheric Technologies (HEAT), and Doppler Environmental Protection
Technology Co., Ltd, provide software solutions that are tailored to meet clients'
specific requirements.
Doppler Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, for
instance, offers a wide range of software products, such as motor vehicle
exhaust remote sensing monitoring systems, electronic capture systems for black
smoke cars, vehicle exhaust gas analysis systems, and diesel vehicle OBD remote
monitoring terminals. North America is expected to see significant growth in
the remote automotive exhaust sensing market due to the presence of many
established players in countries like the United States and Canada.
The Middle East and Africa regions are also projected to
witness significant growth in the remote automotive exhaust sensing market,
with countries like Bahrain and Saudi Arabia adopting various government
initiatives and measures. The demand for remote exhaust sensing systems is
growing rapidly in China due to worsening climatic conditions resulting from
vehicle emissions. The region is a major manufacturing hub for automobiles,
with countries like China and South Korea experiencing a surge in manufacturing
activities, thus boosting the demand for remote exhaust sensing systems and
fueling the growth of the market in the Asia Pacific region.
Dominating Companies in Remote Automotive Exhaust Sensing
Market
- Opus Group AB
- Hager Environmental & Atmospheric Technologies
- Doppler Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
- Anhui Baolong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
- Korea Environment Corporation
- Hangzhou Chunlai Technology Co., Ltd
- UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
- CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD (CARB)
- Continental AG
- Robert Bosch GmbH
- DENSO Corporation
- Sensata Technologies, Inc.
- Delphi Technologies
- HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA
- AVL List GmbH
- TE Connectivity Ltd.
- PCL Group
- Emerson Electric Co.
Recent Developments in Remote Automotive Exhaust Sensing
Market
- In 2020, automotive technology company Continental announced
its acquisition of Kathrein Automotive, a global provider of automotive antenna
solutions. The acquisition was aimed at enhancing Continental's offerings in
the field of vehicle connectivity and automated driving, including remote
automotive exhaust sensing.
- In 2019, German technology company Bosch acquired a stake in
the Finnish company, Iotera, which specializes in developing wireless sensor
networks for industrial and automotive applications. The acquisition was part
of Bosch's strategy to expand its portfolio in the field of IoT and connected
mobility, which includes remote automotive exhaust sensing.
- Also in 2019, automotive supplier Faurecia acquired the
majority of Clarion Electronics, a Japanese company that provides advanced
driver assistance systems, in-car infotainment, and connected car technologies.
This acquisition was aimed at strengthening Faurecia's position in the
automotive market and expanding its offerings, including remote automotive
exhaust sensing.
- In 2018, German automotive parts supplier Hella announced
its partnership with the Canadian company, BHTC, to develop new solutions in
the field of automotive interior lighting and climate control. The partnership
included the development of advanced sensors, which could potentially be used
for remote automotive exhaust sensing.
- In the same year, Texas-based company, AMETEK, announced its
acquisition of FMH Aerospace, a supplier of complex components and assemblies
for the aerospace and defense industries. AMETEK's acquisition of FMH Aerospace
was aimed at expanding its offerings in the aerospace and defense sectors, but
the advanced sensing technology used in the aerospace industry could also have
potential applications in remote automotive exhaust sensing.
- In 2021, automotive technology company Aptiv acquired
Gabocom, a German provider of cable management solutions for the
telecommunications and automotive industries. The acquisition was aimed at
enhancing Aptiv's capabilities in connected vehicle solutions, including remote
automotive exhaust sensing.
- In 2020, automotive supplier Magna International announced a
partnership with Innoviz Technologies, an Israeli developer of solid-state
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors for autonomous driving. The
partnership was focused on integrating Innoviz's LiDAR sensors into Magna's
autonomous driving platform, which could potentially include remote automotive
exhaust sensing.
- In 2019, Japanese electronics company Panasonic announced a
partnership with the German automotive supplier, Robert Bosch, to develop new
technologies for automated driving. The partnership included the development of
sensors, software, and other components, which could potentially be used for
remote automotive exhaust sensing.
- Also in 2019, automotive supplier Valeo announced its
acquisition of German company, Gestigon, which specializes in developing 3D
image processing and gesture recognition software. The acquisition was aimed at
strengthening Valeo's position in the field of automated driving and connected
mobility, including potential applications in remote automotive exhaust
sensing.
- In 2018, automotive technology company Autoliv announced a
partnership with Velodyne LiDAR, a developer of LiDAR sensors for autonomous
vehicles. The partnership was focused on developing advanced LiDAR solutions
for autonomous driving, which could potentially include remote automotive
exhaust sensing.
In conclusion, remote automotive exhaust sensing is an
innovative technology that has the potential to revolutionize emissions testing
in the automotive industry. RAES systems offer a fast, accurate, and
non-intrusive method of measuring emissions in real-time, making them ideal for
on-road emissions testing and I&M programs. While there are some
limitations to the technology, these are outweighed by the potential benefits,
and we can expect to see widespread adoption of RAES systems in the coming
years.
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